DETAILS
Colletes oligoleges. Colletes sestivalis, 55 days, begins 4 days after and ends 3 days before Heuchera hispida, 62 days, May 4-July 4. C. brevicornis, 32 days, begins 9 days after and ends on the same day as Specularia perfoliata, 41 days, April 20- June 29. C. willistonii, 101 days, begins 17 days after and ends 29 days before Physalis, 147 days, May 11- October 4. C. latitarsis, 108 days, begins 36 days after and ends 3 days before Physalis. C. armatus, 46 days, begins 25 days after and ends 24 days before the Asterese which, it visits, 95 days, July 29-Oct. 31. C. americanus, 73 days, be- gins 27 days after its Asterese and Helianthese, 100 days, July 24-Oct. 31, and ends on the same day. C. compactus, 48 days, begins 47 days after and ends 10 days before its Com- positse, 105 days, July 19-Oct. 31. These Colletes range from 32 to 108 days, and are short or long to agree with their flowers. Only two, C. latitarsis and willistonii, get pollen from the same plants.
Salix oligoleges. The willows bloom from March 17 to August 11, 148 days. The 6 oligoleges, whose flight-times are pretty well made out, fly from 46 to 88 days, average 86 days shorter than the season of Salix. They average 10 days
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114 Psyche ' [June
after Salix begins and 76 days before it ends. All of them complete their flight 46 days before Salix ends. Andrena sa- lids, 47 days, begins with Salix and ends 101 days sooner. Parandrena andrenoides begins 3 days later and ends 67 days sooner. Trachandrena marise shows 8 days later and 86 earlier. Andrena illincensis shows 8 and 81, salictaria 14 and 46, erythrogastra 26 and 76. Of these equally common species, 3 average 26 days shorter than the other 3, while the Andrenid oligoleges, as stated above, in general average only 7.7 days shorter than the polyleges. Other vernal species. Ptilandrena erigenise, 50 days, be- gins 10 days after and ends 10 days before Claytonia vir- ginica, 70 days, March 16-May 24. P. polemonii, 37 days, begins 2 days after and ends 4 days before Polemonium rep- tans, 43 days, April 12-May 24. P. g. maculati, 24 days, be- gins 18 days after and ends 11 days before Geranium macu- laturn, 53 days, April 13-June 4. Pterandrena krigiana, 35 days, begins 11 days after and ends 4 days before Krigia amplexicaulis, 50 days, May 1-June 19. Trachandrena spirse- ana, 13 days, begins 6 days after and ends 9 days before Aruncus sylvester, 28 days, May 24-June 20. Iomelissa vi- ol~, 51 days, begins 13 days after and ends 20 days before Viola, 84 days, March 17-June 8. Andrena arabis, 29 days, begins 34 days after and ends 9 days before its Cruciferee, 72 days, March 20-May 30. The Cruciferee in general bloom 226 days, March 20-Ocober 31, far beyond the time of this bee. Opandrena zizk, 47 days, begins 15 days after and ends 30 days before the zizioid Umbelliferse, 92 days, April. 18- July 18. All of these oligoleges and 26 Andrenid polyleges complete their flight in the time of Salix. Late Andrenid oligoleges. Andrena nubecula, 79 days, begins 12 days after and ends 1 day before its Asterese, 92 days, August 1-October 31. Pterandrena solidaginis, 71 days, begins 20 days after and ends 8 days before its Aste- reee, 99 days, July 24-October 31. P. asteris, 37 days, begins 32 days after and ends 10 days before its Asterese, 79 days, August 14-October 31. P. alicise, 69 days, begins 35 days after and ends 6 days before its Helianthese, 110 days, July 9-October 26. P. rudbeckias, 67 days begins 11 days after and
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19291 Oligolectic Bees and Favorite Flowers 115 ends 70 days before its Helianthese, 148 days, June 1-Oct- ober 26. P. pulchella, 48 days, begins 33 days after and ends 12 days before its Helianthese, 93 days, July 15-October 15. P. helianthi, 38 days, begins 41 days after and ends 21 days before its Asterese and Helianthese, 100 days, July 24-Oct- ober 31. None of the Pterandrenas get pollen from the same Compositse.
Macropis steironematis, 33 days, begin 12 days after and ends 36 days before Steironema, 81 days, June 16-July 18. Halictoides marginatus, 34 days, begins 39 days after and ends 1 day before Helianthus, 74 days, July 23-October 4.
Panurgidae. Anthemurgus passifloras, 51 days, begins 16 days after and ends 17 days before Passiflora lutea, 84 days, July 5-September 26. Pseudopamrgus compositarum, 54 days, begins 43 days after and ends 2 days before its Aste- rese, 99 days, July 24-October 31. P. asteris, 62 days, begins 35 days after and ends 8 days before its Asterese and Helian- these, 105 days, July 19-October 31. P. solidaginis, 86 days, begins 8 days before and ends 13 days before its Asterese and Helianthese, 91 days, July 11-October 4. But it begins 79 days after and ends 27 days before the general Asterese and Helianthese, 192 days, April 23-October 31. P. albitarsis, 100 days, begins 4 days after and ends 21 days before its Helianthese, 125 days, May 25-September 26. P. rudbeckise, 43 days, begins 61 days after and ends 44 days before its Helianthese, 148 days, June 1-October 26. P. rugosus, 61 days, begins 24 days after and ends 25 days before its Heli- anthese, 110 days, July 9-October 26. P. labrosks, 57 days, begins 19 days after and ends 28 days before its Helianthese, 104 days, July 15-October 26. P. labrosiformis, 42 days, be- gins 54 days after and ends 31 days before its Helianthese, 127 days, June 22-October 26. Calliopsis coloradensis, 31 days, begins 3 days before and ends 18 days before its Aster- cse and Helianthese, 46 days, August 23-October 7. Verbe- napis verbenas, 75 days, begins 37 days after and ends 25 days before Verbena, 137 days, May 22-October 5. The flight
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116 Psyche [June
is 62 days shorter. Zaperdita maura, 59 days, begins 57 after and ends 31 days before Physalis, 147 days, May 11-October 4. Its flight is 88 days shorter. In time and frequency it shows little relation to Physalis. Perdita octomaculata, 65 days, begins 6 days before and ends 11
days before its
Asterese and Helianthese, 70 days, August 17-October 20. None of the Compositse oligoleges of Panurgidse get pollen from the same flowers.
Gnathosmia georgica, 49 days, begins 19 days after and ends 25 before its Compositse, 93 days, Apr. 23-July 24. Ashmeadiella bucconis, 86 days, begins 11 days after and ends 31 days before its Asterese and Helianthese, 128 days, May 25-Sept. 29.
Sayapis. S. pollicaris, 16 days, begins 22 days after and ends 14 days before Coreopsis palmata, 52 days, June 3-July 24. S. pugnata, 58 days, begins 13 days after and ends 48 days before its Compositse, 119 days, May 25-Sept. 20. S. sayi, 92 days, begins one day before and ends 26 days before its Compositse, 117 days, July 7-Oct. 31. Megachile. M. generosa, 87 days, begins 38 days after and ends 21 days before its Papilionacese, 148 days, May 27-Oct. 19. M. sexdentata, 92 days, begins 15 days after and ends 19 days before its Asterese and Heliantheae, 126 days, June 1-Oct. 4.
Oligotropus campanulz, 72 days, begins 4 days after and ends 22 days before Campanula americana, 98 days, July 1-Oct. 6.
Euceridae. Melissodes cnici, 49 days, begins 71 days after and ends 24 days before Cirsium, 144 days, May 25-Oct. 15. M. coreopsis, 25 days, begins 11 days after and ends 16 days before Coreopsis palmata, 52 days, June 3-July 24. M. vernonias, 38 days, begins 34 days after and ends 21 days before Vernonia, fasciculata, 93 days, July 1-Oct. 1. M. ver- noniana, 62 days, begins 24 days after and ends 7 days before. M. boltonise, 120 days, begins 12 days after and
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19291 Oligolectic Bees and Favorite Flowers 117 ends 21 days before its Composit~, 153 days, June I-Oct. 31. M. trinodis, 91 days, begins 19 days after and ends 25 days before its Composit~, 135 days, June 19-Oct. 31. M. agilis, 98 days, begins 13 days before and ends 15 days after its Compositz, 100 days, July 24-Oct. 31. M. coloradensis, 62 days, begins 56 days after and ends 15 days before its Compositz, 133 days, June 10-Oct. 30. M. similha, 66 days, begins 24 days after and ends 10 days before its Compo- sit=, 100 days, July 24-Oct. 31. M. autumnalis, 58 days, begins 33 days after and ends 9 days before its C~mpositz~ 100 days, July 24-Oct. 31. Epimelissodes illinoensis, 29 days, begins 27 days after and ends 34 days before its Helianthe~, 90 days, June 19-Sept. 16. Anthedon cornpta, 76 days, begins 5 days before and ends 18 days before Oenothera biennis, 89 days, July 20-Oct. 16. Only two Euceridze get pollen from the same flowers.
Cucurbita oligoleges. Cucurbita pep0 blooms 94 days, July 4-Oct. 4. One of its oligoleges, Peponapis pruinosa, 77 days, begins I1 days after and ends 6 days before, while the other, Xenoglossa strenua, 62 days, begins 25 days after and ends 7 days before.
Ipomaea oligoleges. Ipomaa blooms 125 days, June 24- Oct. 26. One of its oligoleges, Cemolobus~zpom~~, 80 days, begins 9 days before and ends 54 days before. The other, Melitoma taurea, 103 days, begins 3 days after and ends 19 days before.
Cassia oligoleges. Cassia cham~crista blooms 100 days? June 28-Oct. 5. One of its oligoleges, Epimelissodes atripes, 36 days, begins 37 days after and ends 27 days before. The other, Amegilla walshii, 77 days, begins 8 days after and ends 15 days before.
Emphor bombiformis, 44 days, begins 10 days after and ends 5 days before Hibiscus lasioca~pus, 59 days, July 20- Sept. 16.
OTHER CASES.
Physalis oligoleges. Colletes willistonii, and C. latitarsis .
fly I01 and 108 days, bearing some relation to Physalis, which blooms 147 days, but Zaperdita maara flies 59 days,
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118 Psyche [June
88 days shorter, with little relation to Physalis, though it resembles the other Panurgid~.
Aster-. The Astereze bloom 192 days, Apr. 23-Oct. 31. The oligoleges average 57 days, 135 days shorter. The short flight is not on account of the absence of the Astere~. The flowers which these bees visit for pollen average 93 days, 36 days longer than the bees.
Helianthee. These bloom 154 days, May 25-Oct. 26. The 9 oligoleges average 57 days, 97 days shorter. The Helian- the= which they visit for pollen average 117 days, 60 days longer.
Other Composite oligoleges. The Composit~ bloom 192 days, Apr. 23-Oct. 31. Eighteen oligoleges average 89 days later in beginning, and 32 days earlier in ending, or 121 .
days shorter. The flowers they visit average 107 days.